基础统计学（第2版）影印版 (2010 年度畅销榜NO.9291 )

本书广泛地使用案例分析的方法，通过大量的应用实例，引导人们如何正确地收集数据资料进行统计分析，以得到有意义的参考性结论。本书在撰写上具有以下特点：
(1)起点低，使用面广，实用性强，强调统计思想的内涵与应用。读者只需具有高中数学知识就可以学习使用此书。不用微积分，不追求数学的形式逻辑思维，而代之以形象思维和直观判断。
(2)编排上以案例形式展开，充分利用图表分析阐述统计思想，引导出结论，并围绕案例总结出关键概念。
(3)内容上是自封闭的，不需要先学概率论的知识。
(4)在书中精心安排了许多学习技巧和注解，应用与滥用的对比例子以及简单统计软件的使用等内容。各章后附有大量习题和测试题，所附光盘中还提供了大量的数据。
(5)概括了直观统计学及常用统计方法的基本内容，有助于提高直觉推断和形象思维。
本书适合经管、人文与社会科学等专业的本科生或研究生使用。

Chapter 1 Introduction to Statistics
Where You've Been
Where You're Going
1.1 An Overview of Statistics
1.2 Data Classification
Case Study: Rating Television Shows in the United States
1.3 Experimental Design
Technology: Using Technology in Statistics
Chapter Summary
Uses and Abuses
Review Exercises
Real Statistics-Real Decisions--Putting It All Together
Chapter Quiz
Chapter 2 Descriptive Statistics
Where You've Been
Where You're Going
2.1 Frequency Distributions and Their Graphs
2.2 More Graphs and Displays
2.3 Measures of Central Tendency
2.4 Measures of Variation
Case Study: Sunglass Sales in the United States
2.5 Measures of Position
Technology: Monthly Milk Production
Using Technology to Determine Descriptive Statistics
Chapter Summary
Uses and Abuses
Review Exercises
Real Statistics-Real Decisions--Putting It All Together
Chapter Quiz
Chapter 3 Probability
Where You've Been
Where You're Going
3.1 Basic Concepts of Probability
3.2 Conditional Probability and the Multiplication Rule
3.3 The Addition Rule
Case Study: Probability and Parking Lot Strategies
3.4 Counting Principles
Technology: Simulation: Composing Mozart Variations with Dice
Chapter Summary
Uses and Abuses
Review Exercises
Real Statistics-Real Decisions--Putting It All Together
Chapter Quiz
Cumulative Test: Chapters 1-3
Chapter 4 Discrete Probability Distributions
Where You've Been
Where You're Going
4.1 Probability Distributions
4.2 Binomial Distributions
Case Study: Binomial Distribution of Airplane Accidents
4.3 More Discrete Probability Distributions
Technology: Using Poisson Distributions as Queuing Models
Chapter Summary
Uses and Abuses
Review Exercises
Real Statistics-Real Derisions--Putting It All Together
Chapter Quiz
Chapter 5 Normal Probability Distributions
Where You've Been
Where You're Going
5.1 Introduction to Normal Distributions
5.2 The Standard Normal Distribution
5.3 Normal Distributions: Finding Probabilities
5.4 Normal Distributions: Finding Values
Case Study: Birth Weights in America
5.5 The Central Limit Theorem
Technology: Age Distribution in the United States
5.6 Normal Approximations to Binomial Distributions
Chapter Summary
Uses and Abuses
Review Exercises
Real Statistics-Real Decisions--Putting It All Together
Chapter Quiz
Chapter 6 Confidence Intervals
Where You've Been
Where You're Going
6.1 Confidence Intervals for the Mean (Large Samples)
Case Study: Shell Lengths of Loggerhead Sea Turtles
6.2 Confidence Intervals for the Mean (Small Samples)
History of Statistics--Timeline
6.3 Confidence Intervals for Population Proportions
Technology: Most Admired Polls
6.4 Confidence Intervals for Variance and Standard Deviation
Using Technology to Construct Confidence Intervals
Chapter Summary
Uses and Abuses
Review Exercises
Real Statistics-Real Decisions--Putting It All Together
Chapter Quiz
Cumulative Test: Chapters 4-6
Chapter 7 Hypothesis Testing with One Sample
Where You've Been
Where You're Going
7.1 Introduction to Hypothesis Testing
7.2 Hypothesis Testing for the Mean (Large Samples)
Case Study: Human Body Temperature: What~ Normal?
7.3 Hypothesis Testing for the Mean (Small Samples)
7.4 Hypothesis Testing for Proportions
Technology: The Case of the Vanishing Women
7.5 Hypothesis Testing for the Variance and Standard Deviation
A Summary of Hypothesis Testing
Using Technology to Perform Hypothesis Tests
Chapter Summary
Uses and Abuses
Review Exercises
Real Statistics-Real Decisions--Putting It All Together
Chapter Quiz
Chapter 8 Hypothesis Testing with Two Samples
Where You've Been
Where You're Going
8.1 Testing the Difference Between Means
(Large Independent Samples)
Case Study: Oatbran and Cholesterol Level
8.2 Testing the Difference Between Means
(Small Independent Samples)
8.3 Testing the Difference Between Means
(Dependent Samples)
8.4 Testing the Difference Between Proportions
Technology: Tails Over Heads
Using Technology to Perform Two-Sample Hypothesis Tests
Chapter Summary
Uses and Abuses
Review Exercises
Real Statistics-Real Decisions--Putting It All Together
Chapter Quiz
Chapter 9 Correlation and Regression
Where You've Been
Where You're Going
9.1 Correlation
9.2 Linear Regression
Case Study: Correlation of Body Measurements
9.3 Measures of Regression and Prediction Intervals
9.4 Multiple Regression
Technology: Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide
Chapter Summary
Uses and Abuses
Review Exercises
Real Statistics-Real Decisions--Putting It All Together
Chapter Quiz
Cumulative Test: Chapters 7-9
Chapter 10 Chi-Square Tests and the F-Distribution
Where You've Been
Where You're Going
10.1 Goodness of Fit
10.2 Independence
Case Study: Traffic Safety Facts
10.3 Comparing Two Variances
10.4 Analysis of Variance
Technology: Crash Tests
Chapter Summary
Uses and Abuses
Review Exercises
Real Statistics-Real Decisions--Putting It All Together
Chapter Quiz
Chapter 11 NonparametricTests
Where You've Been
Where You're Going
11.1 The Sign Test
11.2 The Wilcoxon Tests
Case Study: Health and Nutrition
1 1.3 The Kruskal-Wallis Test
11.4 Rank Correlation
Technology: Selling Prices of l-lomes
Chapter Summary
Uses and Abuses
Review Exercises
Real Statistics-Real Decisions--Putting It All Together
Chapter Quiz
Cumulative Test: Chapters 10-11
Appendices
Appendix A Alternate Presentation of the Standard Normal Distribution
Standard Normal Distribution Table (O-to-z)
Alternate Presentation of the Standard Normal Distribution
Appendix B Tables
Table 1 Random Numbers
Table 2 Binomial Distribution
Table 3 Poisson Distribution
Table 4 Standard NormalDistribution
Table 5 t-Distribution
Table 6 Chi-Square Distribution
Table 7 F-Distribution
Table 8 Critical Values for the Sign Test
Table 9 Critical Values for the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
Table 10 Critical Values for the Spearman Rank Correlation
Table 11 Critical Values for the Pearson Correlation Coefficient
Answers to the Try It Yourself Problems
Answers to the Odd-Numbered Exercises
Credits
Index

由Ron Larson和Betsy Farber撰写的教材“Elementary Statistics—Picturing the World”出版于2000年，并于2003出版了第2版。作者广泛地使用案例分析的方法，通过大量的应用实例，引导人们如何正确地收集数据资料，进行统计分析，以得到有意义的参考性结论。 本书的内容包括数据的收集、整理与描述，概率的概念，基本的统计方法等。各章编排如下：第1章统计引言。简单扼要地通过案例介绍了什么是统计，不同类型的数据，数据的采集及有关的试验设计。第2章描述性统计方法。这是一种利用图形和图表对数据进行粗加工的简单易行的方法。它可以在很短的时间内，使人们对于数据所提供的信息有一个综观的了解。这种方法在各种展览资料和广告资料中被频繁地使用。第3章概率的基本概念。第4章离散概率分布。第5章正态概率分布。它完全通过图形引入，避免给出解析表达式，从而避免使用微积分的知识。有关的计算都是由统计软件完成的。第6章置信区间。第7章单样本假设检验。第8章双样本假设检验。第9章相关与回归。第10章X检验与F分布，包括列联表、单因素和双因素方差分析。第11章非参数检验。 本书是典型的文科教材，适合作为语言文学、工商管理、人文科学、社会科学、心理科学、考古学以及经济类有关专业的大学生或研究生的统计学教材。 本书在撰写上强调了以下特点： (1)起点低，使用面广，实用性强，强调统计思想的内涵与应用。读者只需具有高中数学知识就可以学习使用本书。在本书中，不用微积分，不追求数学公式的推导与形式逻辑思维的推理，而代之以在应用中不断地使用这些公式与运用形象思维和直观判断。 (2)在编排上，本书以案例为中心展开，全书贯穿以对数据的统计分析，充分利用图表分析阐述统计思想，从中引出统计结论。书中针对每一个案例都总结了关键概念，便于读者复习提高。 (3)本书是自封闭的，在书中包含了概率及分布的精要内容，因而不需要读者先学概率论的知识。 (4)各章安排了许多学习小技巧和注解、对比应用与滥用的例子，以及简单统计软件的使用方法等内容。在各章来有小结及统计实例与决策实例，并配置了大量在各个社会科学领域中的应用习题，还配有许多测试题。本书所附的光盘中提供了与各章有关的统计分析计算的原始数据，这些数据分别以以下三种格式存储：普通文本格式、MicrosoftExcel格式、统计软件Minitab格式。由于MicrosoftExcel在台式电脑与手提电脑中是普遍装载的，这对于使用者特别方便；而Minitab具有更多的功能，适合于扩展应用，它是一个相对小而相当全的实用统计软件。 (5)本书在内容上概括了直观统计学和常用统计方法的基本内容。即使对已有大学数学水平的教师和学生，通过浏览此书，也能在直觉推断和形象思维方面有所裨益。此书也为进一步学习较为深入的统计思想与方法提供了台阶。 当前，在我国的人文科学与社会科学等广大领域中，科学地用统计分析作决策的要求与日俱增，此书则提供了学习使用统计思维和作实际统计推断的各种方法。 本书语言流畅生动，很适合于双语教学，也适合决策人员、财贸人员、农林畜牧等有关领域的教师、工程师、技术人员参阅或自学，成为他们提高科学分析与管理能力的实用工具与良师益友。

Ron Larson received his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Colorado in 1970. At that time he accepted a position with Penn State University, and he currently holds the rank of professor of mathematics at the university. Larson is the lead author of more than two dozen mathematics textbooks that range from sixth grade through calculus levels. Many of his texts, such as the seventh edition of his calculus text, are leaders in their markets. Larson is also one of the pioneers in the use of