统计思想（英文版.原书第2版） (2010 年度畅销榜NO.14075 )

本书保持了第1版的特点：作为统计学的入门教材，对数学基础知识的要求较低；用丰富、新鲜的例子说明统计学的概念、原理和运算程序，使全书极具趣味性和引人入胜；同时计算机、互联网以及多媒体教学手段的合理充分的使用，改变了统计学课程教学中原有的面貌，使学习和掌握统计学变得生动、活泼和十分容易。
全书内容包括数据的采集、整理与概括，变量之间的相关关系与分析，概率与随机变量，随机变量的数字特征，点估计和区间估计，回归分析与方差分析等内容。本书的特点是以讲统计学为主，概率论的内容服从和服务于统计学，占很小部分，而且两者穿插结合得如此恰当、完美，令人佩服。本书前四章讲抽样调查，把问题讲得很清楚、很好懂，是国内教材中不多见的。本书有两章讲分类变量之间的关系与分析，也是国内教材中不安排或很少安排的，而实际上这部分内容是很有用的。
全书自成体系，对统计学的原则和概念叙述得相当清楚和准确。书中的框图、小结等也使本书增色不少。
本书第2版比第1版在各章节中适当增加了一些内容和例子。各章节的习题有所增加，某些章节中增加了“打开计算机”的环节，为读者提供通过计算机掌握统计概念的手段。书末的光盘提供的内容要比第1版的光盘内容丰富许多。对全书的主要内容已作出PowerPoint，可直接用于双语教学。同时光盘中有数据和用各种统计软件解决实例的程序。

Chapter 1
Case Study 1.1 Who Are Those Speedy Drivers? 2
Case Study 1.2 Safety in the Skies? 3
Case Study 1.3 Did Anyone Ask Whom You've Been Dating? 3
Case Study 1.4 Who Are Those Angry Women? 4
Case Study 1.5 Does Prayer Lower BLood Pressure? 5
Case Study 1.6 Does Aspirin Reduce Heart Attack Rates? 5
Case Study 1.7 Does the Internet Increase Loneliness and
Depression? 6
Chapter 2
ExampLe 2.1 The Importance of Order 18
Example 2.2 Lighting the Way to Nearsightedness 19
Example 2.3 Humans Are Not Good Randomizers 21
Example 2.4 Revisiting NightUghts and Nearsightedness 21
Example 2.5 Right Handspans 23
Example 2.6 Ages of Death of U.S. First Ladies 24
* Example 2.7 Tiny Boatsmen 27
* Example 2.8 Big Music Collections 31
Example 2.9 Will "Normal" Rainfall Get Rid of Those Odors? 33
* Example 2.10 Range and Interquartite Range for Fastest Speed
Ever Driven 35
* Example 2.11 The Shape of British Women's Heights 40
Example 2.12 Calculating a Standard Deviation 42
Chapter 3
ExampLe 3.1 Do First Ladies Represent Other Women? 60
Example 3.2 Do Penn State Students Represent Other College
Students? 60
Example 3.3 What Confounding Variables Lurk Behind Lower
Blood Pressure? 64
Example 3./+ The Fewer the Pages, the More Valuable the
Book? 64
Case Study 3.1 Lead Exposure and Bad Teeth 66
Case Study 3.2 Kids and Weight Lifting 67
Case Study 3.3 Quitting Smoking with Nicotine Patches 74
Case Study 3.4 Baldness and Heart Attacks 75
Example 3.5 Will Preventing Artery CLog Prevent Memory
Loss? 78
Example 3.6 Dull Rats 80
Example 3.7 Real Smokers with a Desire to Quit 80
Example 3.8 Do Left-Handers Die Young? 81
Chapter 4
ExampLe 4.1 The Zmportance of ReLigion for AduLt Americans 91
ExampLe 4.2 WouLd You Eat Those Modified Tomatoes? 92
ExampLe 4.3 CLoning Human Beings g2
ExampLe 4.4 Representing the Heights of British Women 97
ExampLe 4.5 Assigning Children to Lift Weights 98
ExampLe 4.6 Redesigning Case Study 3.2 98
ExampLe 4.7 The Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey 106
Example 4.8 k Los Angeles Times National Poll on the
Millennium 107
Example 4.g Which Scientists Trashed the PubEc? 110
Example 4.10 A Meaningless Poll 1!1
ExampLe 4.11 Haphazard Sampling 111
Case Study 4.1 The Infamous Literary Oigest Poll of 1936 112
Example 4.12 Laid Offor Fired? 114
Example 4.13 Most Voters Don't Lie but Some Liars Don't Vote 114
Example 4.14 Why Weren't You at Work Last Week? 115
Example 4.15 Is Happiness Related to Dating? 115
Example 4.16 When Will Adolescent Males Report Risky
Behavior? 116
Example 4.17 PoEtics Is ALL in the Wording 116
Example 4.18 Teenage Sex 118
Example 4.19 The Unemployed 118
Case Study 4.2 No Opinion of Your Own? Let Politics Decide 120
Chapter 5
* ExampLe 5.1 Height and Handspan 132
* Example 5.2 Driver Age and the Maximum LegibiUty Distance of
~ Highway Signs 133
Example 5.3 The Development of Musical Preferences 134
* Example 5.4 Heights and Foot Lengths of College Women 136
* Example 5.5 Calculating the Sum of Squared Errors 144
* Example 5.6 Left and Right Handspans 147
Example 5.7 Verbal SAT and GPA 147
Example 5.8 Age and Hours of Television Viewing per Day 147
Example 5.9 Hours of SLeep and Hours of Study 148
Example 5.10 Earthquakes in the Continental United States 153
Exampie 5.11 Does It Make Sense? Height and Lead Feet 154
Example 5.12 Does It Make Sense? Don't Predict Without a
PLot 156
Case Study 5.1 A Weighty Issue 159
Chapter 6
* ExampLe 6.1 Smoking and the Risk of Divorce 172
Example 6.2 Tattoos and Ear Pierces 173
Example 6.3 Gender and Reasons for Taking Care of Your
Body 174
Example 6.4 Safety in the Skies? Case Study 1.2 Revisited 178
Example 6.5 Dietary Fat and Breast Cancer 178
Example 6.6 Is Smoking More Dangerous for Women? 179
Example 6.7 Educational Status and Driving after Substance
Use 181
Example 6.8 BLood Pressure and Oral Contraceptive Use 182
Example 6.g A Table of Expected Counts 185
Example 6.10 Randomly Pick S or 0 187
Example 6.11 Breast Cancer Risk Stops Hormone Replacement
Therapy Study 188
Example 6.12 Aspirin and Heart Attacks 190
Case Study 6.1 Drinking, Driving, and the Supreme Court 192
Chapter 7
Case Study 7.1 A Hypothetical Story- ALicia Has a Bad Day 204
Example 7.1 Probability of Male versus Female Births 207
* Example 7.2 A Simple Lottery 207
* Example 7.3 The Probability That ALicia Has to Answer a
Question 207
Example 7.4 The Probability of Lost Luggage 208
Example 7.5 NightEghts and Myopia Revisited 20g
Example 7.6 Days per Week of Drinking ALcohol 212
Example 7.7 Winning a Free Lunch 214
* Example 7.8 ProbabiEty That a Teenager Gambles Depends upon
Gender g15
Example 7.g Probability a Stranger Does Not Share Your Birth
Date 217
Example 7.10 Roommate Compatibility 217
Example 7.11 Probability of eitherTwo Boys orTwo Girls in Two
Births 218
Example 7.12 Probability Two Strangers Both Share Your Birth
Month 219
ExampLe 7.13 Probability ALicia Is Picked for the First Question
Given That She's Picked to Answer a Question 220
Example 7.1/, The Probability of Guilt and Innocence Given a DNA
Match 221
Example 7.15 Family Composition 225
Example 7.16 Prizes in Cereal Boxes 226
Example 7.17 Optimism for ALicia-- She Ts Probably Healthy 227
* Example 7,18 AUcla's Possible Fates 229
Example 7.19 Getting ALL the Prizes 232
Example 7.20 Finding Gifted ESP Participants 232
Example 7.21 Two George D. Brysons 236
Example 7.22 Identical Cars and Matching Keys 237
Example 7.23 Winning the Lottery Twice 237
Example 7.2/, Sharing the Same Birthday 238
Example 7.25 Unusual Hands in Card Games 238
Chapter 8
Example 8.1 Random Variables at an Outdoor Graduation or
Wedding 250
Example 8.2 Probability an Event Occurs Three Times in Three
Tries 250
Example 8.3 It's Possible to Toss Forever 252
* Example 8.4 How Many Girls Are Likely? 252
Example 8.5 Two Dice 255
Example 8.6 California Oecco Lottery Game 257
Example 8.7 Stability or Excitement-- Same Mean, Different
Standard Deviations 259
Example 8.8 Mean Hours of Study for the CLass Yesterday 260
Example 8;9 Probability of Two Wins in Three PLays 263
Example 8.10 Excel Calculations for Number of Girts in Ten
Births 264
Example 8.11 Guessing Your Way to a Passing Score 264
ExampLe 8.12 Is There Extraterrestrial Life? 266
* ExampLe 8.13 Time Spent Waiting for the Bus 267
* ExampLe 8.14 CoLLege Women's Heights 269
ExampLe 8.15 ProbabiUty That Z Is Greater Than 1.31 271
ExampLe 8.16 ProbabiLity That Z Is Between -2.59 and 1.31 272
ExampLe 8.17 The 75th PercentiLe of SystoLic BLood Pressures 275
* ExampLe 8.18 The Number of Heads in 30 FLips of a Coin 276
ExampLe 8.1g Political Woes 277
Example 8.20 Will Meg Miss Her FLight? 280
Example 8.21 Can ALison Ever Win? 281
Example 8.22 Donations Add Up 282
Example 8.23 Strategies for Studying When You Are Out of
Time 283
Case Study B.1 Does Caffeine Enhance the Taste of Co[a? 284
Chapter 9
Example 9.1 Mean 1-1ours of 5~eep for College Students 295
Example 9.2 Possible Sample Proportions Favoring a
Candidate 298
Example 9.3 Caffeinated or Not? 29g
ExampLe 9.4 Hypothetical Mean Weight Loss 304
* ExampLe 9.5 The Long Run for the Oecco Lottery Game 307
ExampLe 9.6 Winning the Lottery by Betting on Birthdays 311
ExampLe 9.7 Unpopular TV Shows 314
ExampLe 9.8 Standardized Mean Weights 315
Case Study 9.1 Do Americans ReaLty Vote When They Say They
Do? 317
Chapter 10
* Example 10.1 Teens and Interracial Dating: Case Study 1.3
Revisited 331
* Example 10.2 IfZ Won the Lottery I'd Consider Quitting 332
* Example lO.~he Pollen Count Must Be High Today 336
Example 10.4 College Men and Ear Pierces 336
Example 10.5 The GaLLup Poll Margin of Error for n = 1000 337
* Example 10.6 Is There Intelligent Life on Other PLanets? 340
Example 10.7 Which Drink Tastes Better? 345
Case Study 10.1 Extrasensory Perception Works with Movies 345
Case Study 10.2 Nicotine Patches versus Zyban~ 346
Case Study 10.3 What a Great Personality 347
Chapter 11
* Example 11.1 Are Side Effects Experienced by Fewer Than 20% of
Patients? 357
* Example 11.2 Does a Majority Favor the Proposed BLood Alcohol
Limit? 357
Example 11.3 Psychic Powers 358
Example 11.4 Stop the Pain before It Starts 359
* Example 11.5 A 3ury Trial 362
* Example 11.6 The Importance of Order 364
Example 11.7 A Two-Sided Test: Are Left and Right Foot Lengths
Equal? 370
Example 11.8 How the Same Sample Proportion Can Produce
Different Conclusions 374
Example 11.9 Birth Month and Height 377
Case Study 11.1 The Internet and Loneliness: Case Study 1.7
Revisited 377
* Example 11.10 A Medical Analogy 378
Example 11.11 Calcium and the Relief of Premenstrual
Symptoms 379
Case Study 11.2 An Interpretation of a p-Value Not Fit to
Print 381
Chapter 12
* ExampLe 12.1 Revisiting InteLLigent Life on Other PLanets 396
* ExampLe 12.2 Mean Hours per Day That Penn State Students
Watch TV 396
* EXampLe 12.3 Nicotine Patches or Antidepressants If You Want to
Quit Smoking? 397
* ExampLe 12.4 Do Men Lose More Weight by Diet or by
Exercise? 398
* ExampLe 12.5 The Mean Forearm Length of Men 405
* ExampLe 12.6 What Type of Students SLeep More? 408
ExampLe 12.7 Screen Time-- Computer versus TV 409
ExampLe 12.8 The Effect of a Stare on Driving Behavior 412
Example 12.9 PooLed t-IntervaL for Difference Between Mean
FemaLe and MaLe SLeep Times 415
ExampLe 12.10 Snoring and Heart Attacks 419
ExampLe 12.11 Do You ALways BuckLe Up When Driving? 420
Case Study 12.1 Confidence Interval for ReLative Risk: Case Study
3.4 Revisited 422
Case Study 12.2 Premenstruat Syndrome? Try CaLcium 423
Chapter 13
* ExampLe 13.1 Normal Human Body Temperature 43g
* ExampLe 13.2 The Effect of ALcohoL on Useful Consciousness 446
* ExampLe 13.3 The Effect of a Stare on Driving Behavior 450
* ExampLe 13.4 A Two-TaiLed Test of TeLevision Watching for Men
and Women 454
ExampLe 13.5 Legitimate PooLed t-Test for Comparing MaLe and
FemaLe SLeep Time 458
* ExampLe 13.6 The Prevention of Ear Infections 460
ExampLe 13.7 Kids and Weight Ufting 469
ExampLe 13.8 Loss of Cognitive Functioning 470
ExampLe 13.9 PLanning a Student Survey 473
ExampLe 13.10 CouLd ALiens TeLL That Women Are Shorter? 476
ExampLe 13.11 The Hypothesis-Testing Paradox 477
ExampLe 13.12 PLanning a Weight-Loss Study 478
Chapter 14
* ExampLe 14.1 ResiduaLs in the Handspan and Height
Regression 496
* ExampLe 14.2 ReLationship Between Height and Weight for
CoLLege Men 500
* ExampLe 14.3 Driver Age and Highway Sign-Reading Distance 502
Case Study 14.1 A Contested ELection 516
Chapter 15
* ExampLe 15.1 Ear Infections and XyUto[ Sweetner 528
* ExampLe 15.2 With Whom Do You Find tt Easier to Make
Friends? 52g
ExampLe 15.3 A Moderate p-VaLue 535
ExampLe 15.4 A Tiny p-VaLue 535
ExampLe 15.5 Age and Tension Headaches 540
ExampLe 15.6 Sheep, Goats, and ESP 541
ExampLe 15.7 Butterfly BaLLots 542
ExampLe 15.8 The PennsyLvania DaiLy Number 546
Case Study 15.1 Do You Mind Zf ! Eat the BLue Ones? 548
Chapter 16
* ExampLe 16.1 CLassroom Seat Location and Grade Point
Average 562
* ExampLe 16.2 Occupational Choice and Testosterone Level 565
* ExampLe 16.3 Comparison of Weight=Loss Programs 570
* ExampLe 16.4 Top Speeds of Supercars 573
* ExampLe 16.5 Drinks per Week and Seat Location 576
* ExampLe 16.6 Happy Faces and Restaurant Tips 580
ExampLe 16.7 You've Got to Have Heart 581
Chapter 17
ExampLe 17.1 PLaying the Lottery 597
ExampLe 17.2 Surgery or Uncertainty? 598
ExampLe 17.3 Fish OiL and Psychiatric Disorders 599
ExampLe 17.4 Go, Granny, Go or Stop, Granny, Stop? 600
ExampLe 17.5 When Smokers Butt Out Does Society Benefit? 601
ExampLe 17.6 Is It Wining or Dining That HeLps French
Hearts? 603
ExampLe 17.7 Give Her the Car Keys 604
ExampLe 17.8 UfestyLe Statistics from the Census Bureau 605
ExampLe 17.9 In Whom Do We Trust? 605
Supplemental Topic 1
* ExampLe S1.1 Random Security Screening S1-2
* ExampLe S1.2 Betting Birthdays for the Lottery S1-2
ExampLe S1.3 Customers Entering a SmaLL Shop S1-7
ExampLe S1.4 Earthquakes in the Coming Year Sl-g
ExampLe S1.5 Emergency CaLLs to a Sma~:Town PoLice
Department Sl-g
ExampLe S1.6 Are There ILLegaL Drugs in the Next 5000
Cars? SI-lO
ExampLe S1.7 CaLLing on the Back of the CLass S1-11
Supplemental Topic 2
ExampLe S2.1 Normal Human Body Temperature S2-3
ExampLe S2.2 Heights of MaLe Students and their Fathers S2-4
* ExampLe 52.3 Estimating the Size of Canada's PopuLation S2-7
ExampLe S2.4 CaLculating T+ for a SampLe of SystoLic BLood
Pressures S2-11
ExampLe S2.5 Difference Between Student Height and Mother's
Height for CoLLege Women S2-13
ExampLe S2.6 Comparing the CluaEty of Wine Produced in Three
Different Regions S2-15
Supplemental Topic 3
* ExampLe 53.1 Predicting Average August Temperature S3-2
* ExampLe S3.2 BLood Pressure of Peruvian Indians S3-3
Supplemental Topic 4
* ExampLe S4.1 SLeep Hours Based on Gender and Seat
Location S4-1
* ExampLe S4.2 PuLse Rates, Gender, and Smoking S4-5
ExampLe S4.3 Nature Versus Nurture in ICI Scores S4-13
ExampLe S4.4 Happy Faces and Restaurant Tips Revisited S4-15
ExampLe 54.5 Does Smoking Lead to More Errors? S4-17
Supplemental Topic 5
ExampLe 55.1 StanLey Mitgram's "Obedience and ZndividuaL
ResponsibiUty" Experiment S5-1
ExampLe S5.2 ,lanetg (HypotheticaL) Dissertation Research S5-11
ExampLe S5.3 3ake's (HypotheticaL) Fishing Expedition S5-12
ExampLe S5.4 The Debate over Passive Smoking S5-14
ExampLe S5.5 HeLpfuL and HarmLess Outcomes from Hormone
RepLacement Therapy S5-16
Case Study S5.1 Science Fair Project or Fair Science
Project? S5-17