80x86汇编语言与计算机体系结构（英文版） (2008 年度畅销榜NO.3221 )

本书在当前主流操作系统采用的32位地址环境中介绍了80x86汇编语言和计算机体系结构，使读者能够在汇编语言层面上了解传统意义上的体系结构。
·重点介绍了32位内存模型和32位指令
·强调体系结构，如寄存器、内存编址、硬件功能等
·阐述了如何在汇编语言中实现高级语言概念
·提前介绍了汇编语言编程以及Microsoft公司的WinDbg调试器

Preface vii
Chapter 1 Representing Data in a Computer 1
1.1 Binary and Hexadecimal Numbers 2
1.2 Character Codes 6
1.3 2's Complement Representation for Signed Integers 9
1.4 Addition and Subtraction of 2's Complement Numbers 15
1.5 Other Systems for Representing Numbers 21
Chapter Summary 25
Chapter 2 Parts of a Computer System 27
2.1 PC Hardware: Memory 28
2.2 PC Hardware: The CPU 30
2.3 PC Hardware: Input/Output Devices 36
2.4 PC Software 37
PC Software: The Operating System 37
PC Software: Text Editors 38
PC Software: Language Translators and the Linker 38
Chapter Summary 39
Chapter 3 Elements of Assembly Language 41
3.1 Assembly Language Statements 42
3.2 A Complete Example 45
3.3 How to Assemble, Link, and Run a Program 53
3.4 The Assembler Listing File 60
3.5 Constant Operands 68
3.6 Instruction Operands 73
3.7 Input/Output Using Macros Defined in IO.H 77
Chapter Summary 82
Chapter 4 Basic Instructions 85
4.1 Copying Data 86
4.2 Integer Addition and Subtraction Instructions 95
4.3 Multiplication Instructions 108
4.4 Division Instructions 118
4.5 Addition and Subtraction of Larger Numbers 130
4.6 Something Extra: Levels of Abstraction and Microcode 133
Chapter Summary 134
Chapter 5 Branching and Looping 137
5.1 Unconditional Jumps 138
5.2 Conditional Jumps, Compare Instructions,
and if Structures 144
5.3 Implementing Loop Structures 159
5.4 for Loops in Assembly Language 173
5.5 Arrays 180
5.6 Something Extra: Pipelining 189
Chapter Summary 190
Chapter 6 Procedures 193
6.1 The 80x86 Stack 194
6.2 Procedure Body, Call and Return 201
6.3 Parameters and Local Variables 211
6.4 Recursion 223
6.5 Other Architectures: Procedures Without a Stack 228
Chapter Summary 230
Chapter 7 String Operations 231
7.1 Using String Instructions 232
7.2 Repeat Prefixes and More String Instructions 239
7.3 Character Translation 254
7.4 Converting a 2's Complement Integer to an
ASCII String 259
7.5 Other Architectures: CISC versus RISC Designs 264
Chapter Summary 265
Chapter 8 Bit Manipulation 267
8.1 Logical Operations 268
8.2 Shift and Rotate Instructions 278
8.3 Converting an ASCII String to a 2's
Complement Integer 292
8.4 The Hardware Level--Logic Gates 298
Chapter Summary 299
Chapter 9 The Assembly Process 301
9.1 Two-Pass and One-Pass Assembly 302
9.2 80x86 Instruction Coding 307
9.3 Macro Definition and Expansion 319
9.4 Conditional Assembly 326
9.5 Macros in IO.H 333
Chapter Summary 337
Chapter 10 Floating-Point Arithmetic 339
10.1 80x86 Floating-Point Architecture 340
10.2 Programming with Floating-Point Instructions 359
10.3 Floating-Point Emulation 374
10.4 Floating-Point and In-line Assembly 384
Chapter Summary 386
Chapter 11 Decimal Arithmetic 387
11.1 Packed BCD Representations 388
11.2 Packed BCD Instructions 396
11.3 Unpacked BCD Representations and Instructions 404
11.4 Other Architectures: VAX Packed Decimal
Instructions 416
Chapter Summary 417
Chapter 12 Input/Output 419
12.1 Console I/O Using the Keme132 Library 420
12.2 Sequential Ffie I/O Using the Kernel32 Library 428
12.3 Lower-Level Input/Output 437
Chapter Summary 439
Appendix A Hexadecimal/ASCII Conversion 441
Appendix B Useful MS-DOS Commands 443
Appendix C MASM 6.11 Reserved Words 445
Appendix D 80x86 Instructions (by Mnemonic) 449
Appendix E 80x86 Instructions (by Opcode) 469
Index 489

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Richard C. Detmer于1966年毕业于肯塔基大学, 后于威斯康星大学获硕士学位和博士学位, 现任中田纳西州立大学计算机科学系教授和系主任. 随书光盘内容包括： Microsoft公司的MASM汇编程序. 全屏幕调试器WinDbg和链接器以及完整的源代码和作者自己编写的用于辅助I／O的软件.

A computer can be viewed from many different levels. Many people are interested only in using applications such as word processing or games. A computer programmer, however, often sees the computer as an instrument to create new applications software. A high-level language programmer's image of the computer is provided by the language compiler, which gives the impression that the computer stores object types like integer, real, and array of char in named memory locations, calculates values of expressions, calls procedures, executes while loops, and so forth. However, an actual computer works at even lower levels. This book emphasizes the architectural level, that is, the level defined by the machine instructions that the processor can execute. Assembly-language instructions translate directly into machinelanguage instructions, so that when you write an assembly-language program, you gain an understanding of how the computer works at the machine-language level. Although this book emphasizes the assembly-language/machine-language level of computer operations, it also looks at other levels. For instance, it describes how highlevel language concepts such as if statements are realized at the machine level. It discusses some of the functions of the operating system. It briefly describes the logic gates that are used at the hardware level. It also looks at how assembly language is translated into machine language. To program effectively at any level, programmers must understand certain fundamentsl principles at the machine level. These apply to most computer architectures. Introduction to 80x86 Assembly Language and Computer Architecture teaches these fundamental concepts: ·memory addressing, CPU registers and their uses ·representation of data in a computer in numeric formats and as character strings ·instructions to operate on 2's complement integers ·instructions to operate on individual bits ·instructions to handle strings of characters ·instructions for branching and looping ·coding of procedures: transfer of control, parameter passing, local variables, and preserving the environment for the calling program The primary architecture covered is the Intel 80x86 CPU family used in many personal computers. However, almost every chapter includes information about other architectures, or about different computer levels. Programming in assembly language and studying related concepts in Introduction to 80x86 Assembly Language and Computer Architecture prepares the student to program effectively in any programming language, to pursue advanced studies in computer design and architecture, or to learn more about system details for specific computers. Text Organization and Content Much of the material in this book is based on my previous book, Fundamentals of Assembly Language Programming Using the IBM PC and Compatibles. While teaching this material through the years, I have increasingly come to the conclusion that an assembly language course is the best place to introduce computer architecture to most students. This book reflects a stronger emphasis on architecture than on programming. It also concentrates on general concepts as opposed to the details of a particular computer system. The minimal prerequisite for my assembly language class is a good understand-ing of a structured high-level language. Chapters 3 through 6 and Chapter 8 form the core of my one-semester course. ! normally cover Chapters 1-8 thoroughly, Chapter 9 quickly, and then choose topics from Chapters 10-12 depending on time and resources avafiable. For instance, ! sometimes introduce floating-point operations via in-line assembly statements in a C++ program. Style and Pedagogy The text primarily teaches by example. A complete assembly-language program is presented very early, in Chapter 3, and its components are carefully examined at a level that the student is able to understand. Subsequent chapters include many examples of assembly language code along with appropriate explanations of new or difficult concepts. The text uses numerous figures and examples. Many series of "before" and "after" examples are given for instructions. Examples are included that illustrate the use of a debugger. These examples give the student a stronger sense of what is happening inside the computer. Exercises appear at the end of each section. Short-answer exercises reinforce understanding of the material just covered, and programming exercises offer an opportunity to apply the material to assembly-language programs. Software Environment The "standard" 80x86 assembler is Microsoft's Macro Assembler (MASM), version 6.11. Although this assembler can produce' code for 32-bit fiat memory model programming appropriate to a Windows 95, Windows NT, or other 32-bit Microsoft operating system environment, the linker and debugger that come with this software package are not suitable for use in such an environment. This book comes with a CD containing the assembler program from MASM (ML), a more recent Microsoft linker, the 32-bit fullscreen debugger WinDbg (also from Microsoft), and necessary supporting files. This software package provides a good environment for producing and debugging console applications. The CD included with the book also contains a package designed to simplify input/output for the student, so that the emphasis remains on architecture rather than operating system detafis. This I/O package is used extensively through most of the book. Finally, the CD contains source code for each program that appears as a figure in the book. Instructor's Support Supplementary materials for this book include an Instructor's Guide that contains some teaching tips and solutions to many exercises. In addition, the author can be contacted at rdetmer@mtsu.edu with questions or comments. Acknowledgments I would like to thank my students who suffered through preliminary versions of this text, often getting materials that were duplicated "just in time." These students were very good at catching errors. I also want to thank Hong Ski Yuan, who used a preliminary version of this text in his assembly language class and who offered valuable feedback. Many thanks to the following people who took the time to review the manuscript: Dennis Bouvier, University of Houston-Clear Lake; Barry Fagin, US Air Force Academy; Glynis Hamel, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Dennis Fairclough, Utah Valley State College; Thomas Higginbotham, Southeastern Louisiana University; Clifford Nadler, Worcester Polytechnic Institute. My wife, Carol, deserves credit for her understanding during the many hours that I ignored her and word-processed at my computer. Richard C. Detmer