通信系统（第四版 英文版） (2010 年度畅销榜NO.15259 )

本书对通信系统的基础理论和关键环节进行了深入分析，力图让学生在讨论中领会通信的精髓。全书首先给出通信系统的梗概及需要研究的关键技术，接着分章详细讨论了随机过程、连续波调制、脉冲调制、基带脉冲传输、信号空间分析、带通数字传输、扩频调制、多用户无线通信、信息论基础和差错控制编码等，各章都附有大量的习题，便于学生实践。书中还给出了很有价值的附录，包括概率论、信号和系统描述、贝塞尔函数、超几何分布函数汇总、密码学方面的介绍以及一些有用的图表等。本书强调通信理论的统计基础，并给出了用MATLAB模拟的8个计算机实验，这些实验几乎覆盖了各章节的主要内容，形成了独特的通信理论“软件实验室”。\r\n\r\n●演示通信理论主要内容的MATLAB实验\r\n\r\n●新兴数字技术的延伸，如数字用户线（DSL）、无载波振幅调制/相位调制（CAP）以及离散多音（DMT）等。\r\n\r\n●数十个将理论与实际通信系统相结合的实例\r\n\r\n●通过精心组织，本书系统地指导学生学习从脉冲调制到带通数据传输，从随机过程到差错控制编码等知识。全书以深入浅出的语言向学生传授了深奥的概念。\r\n
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BACKGROUND AND PREVIEW \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n 1.The Communicatin Process \r\n\r\n 2.Primary Communication Resources \r\n\r\n 3.Sources of Information \r\n\r\n 4.Communication Networks \r\n\r\n 5.Communication Channels \r\n\r\n 6.Modulation Process \r\n\r\n 7.Analog and Digital Types of Communication \r\n\r\n 8.Shannon's Information Capacity Theorem \r\n\r\n 9.A Digital Communication Problem \r\n\r\n 10.Historical Notes \r\n\r\n Notes and References \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n CHAPTER 1 Random Processes \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n 1.1 Introduction \r\n\r\n 1.2 Mathematical Definition of a Random Process \r\n\r\n 1.3 Stationary Processes \r\n\r\n 1.4 Mean,Correlation,and Covariance Functions \r\n\r\n 1.5 Ergodic Processes \r\n\r\n 1.6 Transmission of a Random Process Through a Linear Time-Invariant Filter \r\n\r\n 1.7 Power Spectral Density \r\n\r\n 1.8 Gaussian Process \r\n\r\n 1.9 Noise \r\n\r\n 1.10 Narrowband Noise \r\n\r\n 1.11 Representation of Narrowband Noise in Terms of In-phase and Quadrature Components \r\n\r\n 1.12 Representation of Narrowband Noise in Terms of Envelope and Phase Components \r\n\r\n 1.13 Sine Wave Plus Narrowband Noise \r\n\r\n 1.14 Computer Experiments:Flat-Fading Channel \r\n\r\n 1.15 Summary and Discussion \r\n\r\n Notes and References \r\n\r\n Problems \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n CHAPTER 2 Continuous-Wave Modulation \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n 2.1 Introduction \r\n\r\n 2.2 Amplitude Modulation \r\n\r\n 2.3 Linear Modulation Schemes \r\n\r\n 2.4 Frequency Translation \r\n\r\n 2.5 Frequency-Division Multiplexing \r\n\r\n 2.6 Angle Modulation \r\n\r\n 2.7 Frequency Modulation \r\n\r\n 2.8 Nonlinear Effects in FM Systems \r\n\r\n 2.9 Superheterodyne Receiver \r\n\r\n 2.10 Noise in CW Modulation Systems \r\n\r\n 2.11 Noise in Linear Receivers using Coherent Detection \r\n\r\n 2.12 Noise in AM Receivers using Envelope Detection \r\n\r\n 2.13 Noise in FM Receivers \r\n\r\n 2.14 Computer Experiments:Phase-Locked Loop \r\n\r\n 2.15 Summary and Discussion \r\n\r\n Notes and References \r\n\r\n Problems \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n CHAPTER 3 Pulse Modulation \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n 3.1 Introduction \r\n\r\n 3.2 Sampling Process \r\n\r\n 3.3 Pulse-Amplitude Modulation \r\n\r\n 3.4 Other Forms of Pulse Modulation \r\n\r\n 3.5 Bandwidth-Noise Trade-off \r\n\r\n 3.6 Quantization Process \r\n\r\n 3.7 Pulse-Code Modulation \r\n\r\n 3.8 Noise Considerations in PCM Systems \r\n\r\n 3.9 Time-Division Multiplexing \r\n\r\n 3.10 Digital Multiplexers \r\n\r\n 3.11 Virtues,Limitations,and Modifications of PCM \r\n\r\n 3.12 Delta Modulation \r\n\r\n 3.13 Linear Prediction \r\n\r\n 3.14 Differential Pulse-Code Modulation \r\n\r\n 3.15 Adaptive Differential Pulse-Code Modulation \r\n\r\n 3.16 Computer Experiment:Adaptive Delta Modulation \r\n\r\n 3.17 MPEG Audio Coding Standard \r\n\r\n 3.18 Summary and Discussion \r\n\r\n Notes and References \r\n\r\n Problems \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n CHAPTER 4 Baseband Pulse Transmission \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n 4.1 Introduction \r\n\r\n 4.2 Matched Filter \r\n\r\n 4.3 Error Rate Due to Noise \r\n\r\n 4.4 Intersymbol Interference \r\n\r\n 4.5 Nyquist's Criterion for Distortionless Baseband Binary Transmission \r\n\r\n 4.6 Correlative-Level Coding \r\n\r\n 4.7 Baseband M-ary PAM Transmission \r\n\r\n 4.8 Digital Subscriber Lines \r\n\r\n 4.9 Optimum Linear Receiver \r\n\r\n 4.10 Adaptive Equzlization \r\n\r\n 4.11 Computer Experiments:Eye Patterns \r\n\r\n 4.12 Summary and Discussion \r\n\r\n Notes and References \r\n\r\n Problems \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n CHAPTER 5 Signal-Space Analysis \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n 5.1 Introduction \r\n\r\n 5.2 Geometric Representation of Signals \r\n\r\n 5.3 Conversion of the Continuous AWGN Channel into a Vector Channel \r\n\r\n 5.4 Likelisood Functions \r\n\r\n 5.5 Coherent Detection of Signals in Noise:Maximum Likelihood Decoding \r\n\r\n 5.6 Correlation Receiver \r\n\r\n 5.7 Probability of Error \r\n\r\n 5.8 Summary and Discussion \r\n\r\n Notes and References \r\n\r\n Problems \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n CHAPTER 6 Passband Digital Transmission \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n 6.1 Introduction \r\n\r\n 6.2 Passband Transmission Model \r\n\r\n 6.3 Coherent Phase-Shift Keying \r\n\r\n 6.4 Hybrid Amplitued/Phase Modulation Schemes \r\n\r\n 6.5 Coherent Frequency-Shift Keying \r\n\r\n 6.6 Detection of Signals with Unknown Phase \r\n\r\n 6.7 Noncoherent Orthogonal Modulation \r\n\r\n 6.8 Noncoherent Binary Frequency-Shift Keying \r\n\r\n 6.9 Differential Phase-Shift Keying \r\n\r\n 6.10 Comparison of Digital Modulation Schemes Using a Single Carrier \r\n\r\n 6.11 Voiceband Modems \r\n\r\n 6.12 Multichannel Modulation \r\n\r\n 6.13 Discrete Multitone \r\n\r\n 6.14 Synchronization \r\n\r\n 6.15 Computer Experiments:Carrier Recovery and Symbol Timing \r\n\r\n 6.16 Summary and Discussion \r\n\r\n Notes and References \r\n\r\n Problems \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n CHAPTER 7 Spread-Spectrum Modulation \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n 7.1 Introduction \r\n\r\n 7.2 Pseudo-Noise Sequences \r\n\r\n 7.3 A Notion of Spread Spectrum \r\n\r\n 7.4 Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum with Coherent Binary Phase-Shift Keying \r\n\r\n 7.5 Signal-Space Dimensionality and Processing Gain \r\n\r\n 7.6 Probability of Error \r\n\r\n 7.7 Frequency-Hop Spread Spectrum \r\n\r\n 7.8 Computer Experiments:Maximal-Length and Gold Codes \r\n\r\n 7.9 Summary and Discussion \r\n\r\n Notes and References \r\n\r\n Problems \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n CHAPTER 8 Multiuser Radio Communications \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n 8.1 Introduction \r\n\r\n 8.2 Multiple-Access Techniques \r\n\r\n 8.3 Satellite Communications \r\n\r\n 8.4 Radio Link Analysis \r\n\r\n 8.5 Wireless Communications \r\n\r\n 8.6 Statistical Characterization of Multipath Channels \r\n\r\n 8.7 Binary Signaling over a Rayleigh Fading Channel \r\n\r\n 8.8 TDMA and CDMA Wireless Communication Systems \r\n\r\n 8.9 Source Coding of Speech for Wireless Communications \r\n\r\n 8.10 Adaptive Antenna Arrays for Wireless Communications \r\n\r\n 8.11 Summary and Discussion \r\n\r\n Notes and References \r\n\r\n Problems \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n CHAPTER 9 Fundamental Limits in Information Theory \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n 9.1 Introduction \r\n\r\n 9.2 Uncertainty,Information,and Entropy \r\n\r\n 9.3 Source-Coding Theorem \r\n\r\n 9.4 Data Compaction \r\n\r\n 9.5 Discrete Memoryless Channels \r\n\r\n 9.6 Mutual Information \r\n\r\n 9.7 Channel Capacity \r\n\r\n 9.8 Channel-Coding Theorem \r\n\r\n 9.9 Differential Entropy and Mutual Information for Continuous Ensembles \r\n\r\n 9.10 Information Capacity Theorem \r\n\r\n 9.11 Implications of the Information Capacity Theorem \r\n\r\n 9.12 Information Capacity of Colored Noise Channel \r\n\r\n 9.13 Rate Distortion Theory \r\n\r\n 9.14 Data Compression \r\n\r\n 9.15 Summary and Discussion \r\n\r\n Notes and References \r\n\r\n Problems \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n CHAPTER 10 Error-Control Coding \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n 10.1 Introduction \r\n\r\n 10.2 Discrete-Memoryless Channels \r\n\r\n 10.3 Linear Block Codes \r\n\r\n 10.4 Cyclic Codes \r\n\r\n 10.5 Convolutional Codes \r\n\r\n 10.6 Maximum Likelihood Decoding of Convolutional Codes \r\n\r\n 10.7 Trellis-Coded Modulation \r\n\r\n 10.8 Turbo Codes \r\n\r\n 10.9 Computer Experiment:Trubo Decoding \r\n\r\n 10.10 Low-Density Parity-Check Codes \r\n\r\n 10.11 Irregular Codes \r\n\r\n 10.12 Summary and Discussion \r\n\r\n Notes and References \r\n\r\n Problems \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n APPENDIX 1 Probability Theory \r\n\r\n APPENDIX 2 Representation of Signals and Systems \r\n\r\n APPENDIX 3 Bessel Functions \r\n\r\n APPENDIX 4 Confluent Hypergeometric Functions \r\n\r\n APPENDIX 5 Cryptography \r\n\r\n APPENDIX 6 Tables \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n GLOSSARY \r\n\r\n BIBLIOGRAPHY \r\n\r\n INDEX \r\n
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2001年7月间, 电子工业出版社的领导同志邀请各高校十几位通信领域方面的老师, 商量引进国外教材问题. 与会同志对出版社提出的计划十分赞同, 大家认为, 这对我国通信事业. 特别是对高等院校通信学科的教学工作会很有好处.

教材建设是高校教学建设的主要内容之一. 编写. 出版一本好的教材, 意味着开设了一门好的课程, 甚至可能预示着一个崭新学科的诞生. 20世纪40年代MIT林肯实验室出版的一套28本雷. 达丛书, 对近代电子学科. 特别是对雷达技术的推动作用, 就是一个很好的例子.

我国领导部门对教材建设一直非常重视. 20世纪80年代, 在原教委教材编审委员会的领导下, 汇集了高等院校几百位富有教学经验的专家, 编写. 出版了一大批教材, 很多院校还根据学校的特点和需要, 陆续编写了大量的讲义和参考书. 这些教材对高校的教学工作发挥了极好的作用. 近年来, 随着教学改革不断深入和科学技术的飞速进步, 有的教材内容已比较陈旧. 落后, 难以适应教学的要

求, 特别是在电子学和通信技术发展神速. 可以讲是日新月异的今天, 如何适应这种情况, 更是一个必须认真考虑的问题. 解决这个问题, 除了依靠高校的老师和专家撰写新的符合要求的教科书外, 引进和出版一些国外优秀电子与通信教材, 尤其是有选择地引进一批英文原版教材, 是会有好处的.

一年多来, 电子工业出版社为此做了很多工作. 他们成立了一个“国外电子与通信教材系列”项目组, 选派了富有经验的业务骨干负责有关工作, 收集了230余种通信教材和参考书的详细资料, 调来了100余种原版教材样书, 依靠由20余位专家组成的出版委员会, 从中精选了40多种, 内容丰富, 覆盖了电路理论与应用. 信号与系统. 数字信号处理. 微电子. 通信系统. 电磁场与微波等方面, 既可作为通信专业本科生和研究生的教学用书, 也可作为有关专业人员的参考材料. 此外, 这批教材, 有的翻译为中文, 还有部分教材直接影印出版, 以供教师用英语直接授课. 希望这些教材的引进和出版对高校通信教学和教材改革能起一定作用.

在这里, 我还要感谢参加工作的各位教授. 专家. 老师与参加翻译. 编辑和出版的同志们. 各位专家认真负责. 严谨细致. 不辞辛劳. 不怕琐碎和精益求精的态度, 充分体现了中国教育工作者和出版工作者的良好美德c

随着我国经济建设的发展和科学技术的不断进步, 对高校教学工作会不断提出新的要求和希望. 我想, 无论如何, 要做好引进国外教材的工作, 一定要联系我国的实际. 教材和学术专著不同, 既要注意科学性. 学术性, 也要重视可读性, 要深入浅出, 便于读者自学, 引进的教材要适应高校教学改革的需要, 针对目前一些教材内容较为陈旧的问题, 有目的地引进一些先进的和正在发展中的交叉学科的参考书, 要与国内出版的教材相配套, 安排好出版英文原版教材和翻译教材的比例. 我们努力使这套教材能尽量满足上述要求, 希望它们能放在学生们的课桌上, 发挥一定的作用.

最后, 预祝“国外电子与通信教材系列”项目取得成功, 为我国电子与通信教学和通信产业的发展培土施肥. 也恳切希望读者能对这些书籍的不足之处. 特别是翻译中存在的问题, 提出意见和建议, 以便再版时更正.

中国工程院院土. 清华大学教授

“国外电子与通信教材系列”出版委员会主任

Simon Haykin：IEEE会士, 毕业于英国伯明翰大学电子工程系. 加拿大McMaster大学电子与计算机工程系教授, 通信研究实验室主任. 研究方向包括非线性动力学, 神经网络和自适应滤波器及其应用. 已出版了多本专著, 其中包括《神经网络（第二版）》. 《智能信号处理》. 《自适应滤波器原理（第四版）》. 《信号与系统（第二版）》等.

Preface



Electrical engineering education has undergone some radical ehanges during the past couple of decades and continues to do so. A modem undergraduate program in electrical engineering includes the foUowing two introduaory courses:

Signals and Systelns, which provides a balanced and integrated treatment of continuous-time and discrete-time forms of sigltals and systems. The Fourier transform (in its different forms), Laplace transform, and z-transform are ueated in detail. Typically, the course also includes an elementary treatment of communication systems.

Probability and Random Processes, whick develops an intuitive grasp of discrete and continuous random variables and then inuoduces the notion of a random process and its characteristics. Typically, these two introductory courses lead to a senior-level course on communication systems.

The founh edition of this book has been wriaen witk this background and primary obiective in mind. Simply put, the book provides a modem HeaQllent of communication systems at a level suitable for a one- or two-semester senior undergraduate course. The emphasis is on the statistical anderpinnings of communication theory with applications.

The material is presented in a logical manner, and it is iUusHated with examples, with the overall aim being that of helping the stadent develop an intuitive grasp of the theory under disussion. Except for the Background and Preview chapter, each chapter ends with numerous problems designed not only to help the students test their understanding of the material covered in the chapter but also to chaHenge them to extend this material. Every chapter includes notes and references that provide suggestions for further reading. Sections or subsections that can be bypassed without loss of continuity are identified with a footnote.

A distinctive feature of the book is the inclnsion of eight computer experiments using

MATLAB. This set of experiments provides the basis of a "software Laboratory",with each experiment being desiglled to extend the material covered in the pertinent chapter. Most important, the experiments exploit the unique capabilities of MATLAB in an instructive manner. The MATLAB codes for all these experiments are available on the Wiley Web site: http://www.wiley.com/college/haykin/.

The Background and Preview chapter presents inuoductory and motivational material, paving the way for detailed aeamlent of the many facets of communication systems in the subsequent 10 chapters. The material in these chapters is organized as follows:

Ckapter 1 develops a detailed ueatment of random, or stochastic, processes, with panicular emphasis on their partial characterization (i.e., second-order statistics). In effect, the discussion is resuicted to wide-sense stationary processes. The correlation propenies and power spectra of random processes are described in detail. Gaussian processes and narrowband noise feature prominently in the study of communication systems hence their treatment in the latter part of the chapter. This treatment naturally leads to the consideration of the Rayleigh and Rician distributions that arise in a communicanons environment.

Chapter 2 presents an integrated ueaanent of continuous-waue (CW) modulation (i.e., analog communications) and their different types, as outlined here:

(i) Amplitude modulation, which itself can assume one of the following forms (de-

pending on how the specual characteristics of the modulated wave are specified):

Full amplitude modulation

Double sideband-suppressed carrier modulation

Quadrature amplitude modulation

Single sideband modulation

Vestigial sideband modulation

(ii) Angle modulation, which itself can assnme one of two interrelated forms:

Phase modulation

Frequency modulation

The time-domain and spectral characteristics of these modulated waves. methods for their generation and detection, and the effects of channel noise on their Performances are discussed.

Chapter 3 covers pulse modulation and discusses the processes of sampling. quantization, and coding that are fundamental to the digital transmission of analog signals. This chapter may be viewed as the transition from analog to digital communications. Specifically, the following types of pulse modulation are discussed:

(i) Analog pulse modulation, where only time is represented in discrete form: it

embodies the following special forms:

Pulse amplitude modulation

Pulse width (duration) modulation

Pule position modulation

The charaaeristics of pulse amplitude modulation are discussed in detail. as it is basic to all forms of pulse moduladon, be they of the analog or digital type.

(ii) Digital pulse modulation, in which both time and signal amplitude are represented in discrete form; it embodies the following special forms:

Pulse-code modulation

Delta modulation

Differential pulse-code modulation

In delta modulation, the sampling rate is increased far in excess of that used in oulsecode modulation so as to simplify implementation of the system. In contrast. in differential Pulse-code modulation, the sampling rate is reduced through the use of a predictor that exploits the correlation propenies of the information-bearing signal.

(iii) MPEG/audio coding standard, which includes a psychoacoustic model as a key element in the design of the encoder.

Chapter 4 covers baseband pulse transmission, whick deals with the transmission of pulse-amplitude modulated signals in their baseband form. Two important issues are discussed: the effects of channel noise and limited channel bandwidth on the performance of a digital communication system. Assaming that the channel noise is additive and white, this effect is minimized by using a matched filter,with is basic to the design of communication receivers. As for limited channel bandwidth. it manifests itself in the form of a phenomenon known as intersymbol interference. To combat the degrading effects of this signal-dependent interference, we may use either a pulseshaping filter or correlative encoder/decoder; both of these approaches are discussed.

The chapter includes a discussion of digital subscriber lines for direct communication

between a subscriber and an Internet service provider. This is followed by a derivation of the optimum linear receiver for combatting the combined effects of channel noise and intersymbol ioterference, which, in turn, leads to an introductorv treatment of adaptiue equalization.

Chapter 5 discusses signal-space analysis for an additive white Ganssian noise channel. In particular, the foundations for the geometric representation of signals with finite energy are established. The correlation receiver is derived, and its equivalence with the matched filter receiver is demonstrated. The chapter finishes with a discussion of the probability of error and its approximate calculation.

Chapter 6 discusses passband data transmission, where a sinusoidal carrier wave is employed to facilitate the transmission of the digitally modulated wave over a band pass channel. This ckapter builds on the geometric interpretation of signals presented in Chapter 5. In particular, the effect of channel noise on the performance of digital commonication systems is evaluated, using the following modulation techniques:

(i) Phase-shift keying, which is the digital counterpart to phase modulation with the phase of the carrier wave taking on one of a prescribed set of discrete values.

(ii) Hybrid amplitode/phase modulation schemes inclading quadrature-amplitude

modulation (QAM), and camierless amplitude/phase modulation (CAP).

(iii) Frequency-shift krying, which is the digital counterpart of frequency modulation with the frequency of the carrier wave taking on one of a prescribed set of discrete values.

(iv) Generic multichannel modulation, followed by discrete multitone, the use of which has been standardized in asymmetric digital subscriber lines.

In a digital commnnication system, timing is everytking, which means that the receiver must be synchronized to the uansmiRer. In this eontext, we speak of the receiver being coherent or noncoherent. In a cokHent receiuer, provisions are made for the recovery of both the carrier phase and symbol timing. In a noncoherent receiver the carrier phase is ignored and provision is only made for svmbol timine. spch a strategy is dictated by the faa that the carrier phase may be random, makinvg phase recovery a costly proposition. Synchronization techniques are discussed in the laner part of the chapter, with particular emphasis on discrete-time signal processing.

Chapter 7 inuodaces spread-spectrum modulation. Unlike uaditional forms of modulation discussed in earlier chapters, channel bandwidth is purposely sacrificed in spread-spectrnm modulation for the sake of security or proteHion against interfering signals. The direct-sequence and frequency-hop forms of spread-spectrum modulavtion are discussed.

Chapter 8 deals with multiuser radio commnunications, where a multitude of users have access to a common radio channel. This type of communication channel is well represented in satellite and wireless communication systems, both of which are discusssed. The chapter includes a presentation of link budget analysisx empkasizing the related antenna and propagation concepts, and noise calculations.

Chapter 9 develops the fundamental limits in information theory. wkick are embodied in Shannon's theorems for data compaction, data compression, and data transmission. These theorems provide upper bounds on the performance of inlormation sources and communication channels. Two concepts, basic to forntulation of the theorems, are (1) the entropy of a source (whose definition is analogous to that of entropy in thermodynamics), and (2) channel capacity.

Chapter 10 deals with error-control coding, which encompasses techniques for the encoding and decoding of digital data streams for their reliable transmission over noisy channels. Four types of error-control coding are discussed:

(i) Linear block codes, which are completely described by sets of linearly independent code words, each of which consists of message bits and parity-check bits.

The parity-check bits are included for the purpose of error control.

(ii) Cyclic codes, which form a subclass of linear block codes.

(iii) Conuolutional codes, which involve operating on the message sequence continuously in a serial manner.

{iv) Turbo codess which provide a novel method of consuucting good codes that approach Shannon's chanoel capacity in a physically realizable manner.

Methods for the generation of these codes and their decoding are discussed.

The book also includes supplementary material in the form of six appendices as

follows:

Appendix 1 reviews probability theory.

Appendix 2, on the representation of signals and systems, reviews the Fomier transform and its propeHies, the various definitions of bandwidth, the HilbeR transform, and the low-pass equivalents of narrowband signals and systems.

Appendix 3 presents an introductory treatment of the Bessel function and its modified form. Bessel functions arise in the study of frequency modulation, noncoherent deteHion of signals in noise, and symbol timing synchronization.

Appendix 4 introduces the confluent hypergeometric functioa, the need for which arises in the envelope detection of amplitude-modulated signals in noise.

Appendix 5 provides an introduHion to cryptography, which is basic to secure communications.

Appendix 6 includes 12 useful tables of various kinds.

As mentioned previonsly, the primary purpose of this book is to provide a modern treatment of communication systems suitable for use in a one- or two-semester undergraduate conrse at the senior level. The make-up of the material for the course is naturally determined by the background of the students and the interests of the teachers involved. The material covered in the book is both broad and deep enough to satisfy a variety of backgrounds and interests, thereby providing considerable aexibility in the choice of course material. As an aid to the teacher of the course, a detailed solutions manual for all the problems in the book is available from the publisher.

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