通信系统——通信中的信号与噪声 第四版 (影印版) (2010 年度畅销榜NO.24299 )

进入21世纪，尤其随着我国加入WTO，信息产业的国际竞争将更加激烈。我国信息产业虽然在20世纪末取得了迅猛发展，但与发达国家相比，甚至与印度、爱尔兰等国家相比，还有很大差距。国家信息化的发展速度和信息产业的国际竞争能力，最终都将取决于信息科学技术人才的质量和数量。引进国外信息科学和技术优秀教材，在有条件的学校推动开展英语授课或双语教学，是教育部为加快培养大批高质量的信息技术人才采取的一项重要举措。\r\n\r\n 为此，教育部要求由高等教育出版社首先开展信息科学和技术教材的引进试点工作。同时提出了两点要求，一是要高水平、二是要低价格。在高等教育出版社和信息科学技术引进教材专家组的努力下，经过比较短的时间，第一批引进的20多种教材已经陆续出版。这套教材出版后受到了广泛的好评、其中有不少是世界信息科\r\n\r\n学技术领域著名专家、教授的经典之作和反映信息科学技术最新进展的优秀作品，代表了目前世界信息科学技术教育的一流水平，而且价格也是最优惠的，与国内同类自编教材相当。\r\n\r\n 这项教材引进工作是在教育部高等教育司和高教社的共同组织下， 由国内信息科学技术领域的专家、教授广泛参与，在对大量国外教材进行多次遴选的基础上，参考了国内和国外著名大学相关专业的课程设置进行系统引进的。其中，John Wiley公司出版的贝尔实验室信息科学研究中心副总裁Silberschatz教授的经典著作《操作系统概念》，是我们经过反复谈判，做了很多努力才得以引进的。William Stallihgs先生曾编写了在美国深受欢迎的信息科学技术系列教材，其中有多种教材获得过美国教材和学术著作者协会颁发的计算机科学与工程教材奖，这批引进教材中就有他的两本著作。留美中国学者Jiawei Han先生的《数据挖掘》是该领域中具有里程碑意义的著作。由达特茅斯学院的Thomas Cormen和麻省理工学院、哥伦比亚大学的几位学者共同编著的经典著作《算法导论》，在经历了11年的锤炼之后于2001年出版了第二版。目前任教于美国Massachusetts大学的James Kurose教授， 曾在美国三所高校先后10次获得杰出教师或杰出教学奖， 由他主编的《计算机网络》出版后，以其体系新颖、内容先进而倍受欢迎。在努力降低引进教材售价方面，高等教育出版社做了大量和细致的工作。这套引进的教材体现了权威性、系统性、先进性和经济性等特点。\r\n\r\n 教育部也希望国内和国外的出版商积极参与此项工作，共同促进中国信息技术教育和信息产业的发展。我们在与外商的谈判工作中，不仅要坚定不移地引进国外最优秀的教材，而且还要千方百计地将版权转让费降下来，要让引进教材的价格与国内自编教材相当，让广大教师和学生负担得起。中国的教育市场巨大，外国出版\r\n\r\n公司和国内出版社要通过扩大发行数量取得效益。\r\n\r\n 在引进教材的同时，我们还应做好消化吸收，注意学习国外先进的教学思想和教学方法，提高自编教材的水平，使我们的教学和教材在内容体系上，在理论与实践的结合上，在培养学生的动手能力上能有较大的突破和创新。\r\n
\r\n

Chapter 1 \r\n\r\n Introduction 1 \r\n\r\n Chapter 2 \r\n\r\n Signals and Spectra 17 \r\n\r\n Chapter 3 \r\n\r\n Signal Transmission and Filtering 75 \r\n\r\n Chapter 4 \r\n\r\n Linear CW Modulation 141 \r\n\r\n Chapter 5 \r\n\r\n Exponential CW Modulation 183 \r\n\r\n Chapter 6 \r\n\r\n Sampling and Pulse Modulation 231 \r\n\r\n Chapter 7 \r\n\r\n Analog Communication Systems 257 \r\n\r\n Chapter 8 \r\n\r\n Probability and Random Variables 311 \r\n\r\n Chapter 9 \r\n\r\n Random Signals and Noise 351 \r\n\r\n Chapter 10 \r\n\r\n Noise in Analog Modulation Systems 397 \r\n\r\n Chapter 11 \r\n\r\n Baseband Digital Transmission 435 \r\n\r\n Chapter 12 \r\n\r\n Digitization Techniques for Analog Messages and Networks 493 \r\n\r\n Chapter 13 \r\n\r\n Channel Coding and Encryption 547 \r\n\r\n Chapter 14 \r\n\r\n Bandpass Digital Transmission 611 \r\n\r\n Chapter 15 \r\n\r\n Spread Spectrum Systems 671 \r\n\r\n Chapter 16 \r\n\r\n Information adn Detection Theory 696 \r\n\r\n Tables 780 \r\n\r\n Solutions to Exercises 794 \r\n\r\n Answers to Selected Problems 825 \r\n\r\n Supplementary Reading 832 \r\n\r\n References 835 \r\n\r\n Index 839 \r\n
\r\n

20世纪末, 以计算机和通信技术为代表的信息科学和技术对世界经济. 科技. 军事. 教育和文化等产生了深刻影响. 信息科学技术的迅速普及和应用, 带动了世界范围信息产业的蓬勃发展, 为许多国家带来了丰厚的回报.

进入21世纪, 尤其随着我国加入WTO, 信息产业的国际竞争将更加激烈. 我国信息产业虽然在20世纪末取得了迅猛发展, 但与发达国家相比, 甚至与印度. 爱尔兰等国家相比, 还有很大差距. 国家信息化的发展速度和信息产业的国际竞争能力, 最终都将取决于信息科学技术人才的质量和数量. 引进国外信息科学和技术优秀教材, 在有条件的学校推动开展英语授课或双语教学, 是教育部为加快培养大批高质量的信息技术人才采取的一项重要举措.

为此, 教育部要求由高等教育出版社首先开展信息科学和技术教材的引进试点工作. 同时提出了两点要求, 一是要高水平. 二是要低价格. 在高等教育出版社和信息科学技术引进教材专家组的努力下, 经过比较短的时间, 第一批引进的20多种教材已经陆续出版. 这套教材出版后受到了广泛的好评. 其中有不少是世界信息科

学技术领域著名专家. 教授的经典之作和反映信息科学技术最新进展的优秀作品, 代表了目前世界信息科学技术教育的一流水平, 而且价格也是最优惠的, 与国内同类自编教材相当.

这项教材引进工作是在教育部高等教育司和高教社的共同组织下, 由国内信息科学技术领域的专家. 教授广泛参与, 在对大量国外教材进行多次遴选的基础上, 参考了国内和国外著名大学相关专业的课程设置进行系统引进的. 其中, John Wiley公司出版的贝尔实验室信息科学研究中心副总裁Silberschatz教授的经典著作《操作系统概念》, 是我们经过反复谈判, 做了很多努力才得以引进的. William Stallihgs先生曾编写了在美国深受欢迎的信息科学技术系列教材, 其中有多种教材获得过美国教材和学术著作者协会颁发的计算机科学与工程教材奖, 这批引进教材中就有他的两本著作. 留美中国学者Jiawei Han先生的《数据挖掘》是该领域中具有里程碑意义的著作. 由达特茅斯学院的Thomas Cormen和麻省理工学院. 哥伦比亚大学的几位学者共同编著的经典著作《算法导论》, 在经历了11年的锤炼之后于2001年出版了第二版. 目前任教于美国Massachusetts大学的James Kurose教授, 曾在美国三所高校先后10次获得杰出教师或杰出教学奖, 由他主编的《计算机网络》出版后, 以其体系新颖. 内容先进而倍受欢迎. 在努力降低引进教材售价方面, 高等教育出版社做了大量和细致的工作. 这套引进的教材体现了权威性. 系统性. 先进性和经济性等特点.

教育部也希望国内和国外的出版商积极参与此项工作, 共同促进中国信息技术教育和信息产业的发展. 我们在与外商的谈判工作中, 不仅要坚定不移地引进国外最优秀的教材, 而且还要千方百计地将版权转让费降下来, 要让引进教材的价格与国内自编教材相当, 让广大教师和学生负担得起. 中国的教育市场巨大, 外国出版

公司和国内出版社要通过扩大发行数量取得效益.

在引进教材的同时, 我们还应做好消化吸收, 注意学习国外先进的教学思想和教学方法, 提高自编教材的水平, 使我们的教学和教材在内容体系上, 在理论与实践的结合上, 在培养学生的动手能力上能有较大的突破和创新.

目前, 教育部正在全国35所高校推动示范性软件学院的建设和实施, 这也是加快培养信息科学技术人才的重要举措之一. 示范性软件学院要立足于培养具有国际竞争力的实用性软件人才, 与国外知名高校或著名企业合作办学, 以国内外著名IT企业为实践教学基地, 聘请国内外知名教授和软件专家授课, 还要率先使用引进教

材开展教学.

我们希望通过这些举措, 能在较短的时间, 为我国培养一大批高质量的信息技术人才, 提高我国软件人才的国际竞争力, 促进我国信息产业的快速发展, 加快推动国家信息化进程, 进而带动整个国民经济的跨越式发展.

教育部高等教育司

二OO二年三月

This text, like its previous three editions, is an introduction to communication sys-tems written at a level appropriate for advanced undergraduates and first-year grad-uate students in electrical or computer engineering. New features in this edition include the introduction of two other authors, Professors Rutledge and Crilly, to pro-vide additional expertise for topics such as optical links and spread spectrum.

An initial study of signal transrnission and the inherent limitations of physical systems establishes unifying concepts of communication. Attention is then given to analog communication systems, random signals and noise, digital systems, and information theory. However, as indicated in the table of contents, instructors may choose to skip over topics that have already been or will be covered elsewhere.

Mathematical techniques and models necessarily play an important role throughout the book, but always in the engineering context as means to an end. Numerous applications have been incorporated for their practical significance and as illustrations of concepts and design strategies. Some hardware considerations are also included to justify various communication methods, to stimulate interest, and to bring out connections with other branches of the field.



PREREQUISITE BACKGROUND



The assumed background is equivalent to the first two or three years of an electrical or computer engineering cutriculum. Essential prerequisites are differential equa-tions, steady-state and transient circuit analysis, and a first course in electronics.Students should also have some familiarity with operational amplifiers, digital logic,and matrix notation. Helpful but not required are prior exposure to linear systems analysis, Fourier transforms, and probability theory.



CONTENTS AND ORGANIZATION



A distinctive feature of this edition is the position and treatment of probability, ran-

dom signals, and noise. These topics are located after the discussion of analog sys-tems without noise. Other distinctive features are the new chapter on spread spec-trum systems and the revised chapter on information and detection theory near theend of the book. The specific topics are Iisted in the tabIe of contents and discussed further in Sect. l .4.

Following an updated introductory chapter, this text has two chapters dealing

with basic tools. These tools are then applied in the next four chapters to analog com-munication systems, including sampling and pulse modulation. Probability, random signals, and noise are introduced in the following three chapters and applied to ana-log systems. An appendix separately covers circuit and system noise. The remaining six chapters are devoted to digital communication and information theory, which require some knowledge of random signals and include coded pulse modulation.

All sixteen chapters can be presented in a year-long undergraduate course with minimum prerequisites. Or a one-term undergraduate course on analog conunnica-tion might consist of material in the first seven chapters. If linear systems and prob-ability theory are covered in prerequisite courses, then most of the last eight chap-ters can be included in a one-term senior/graduate course devoted primarily to digital communication.

The modular chapter structure allows considerable latitllde for other formats.As a guide to topic selection, the table of contents indicatCs the minimum Prerqui-sites for each chapter section. Optional topics within chapters are markd by thesymbol .



INSTRUCTIONAL AIDS



Each chapter after the first one includes a list of instructional objectives to guide stu-

dent study. Subsequent chapters also contain several examples and exercises. The exercises are designed to help students master their grasp of new material presented in the text, and exercise solutions are given at the back. The examples have been chosen to illuminate concepts and techniques that students often find troublesome.

Problems at the ends of chapters are numbered by text section. They range from basic manipulations and computations to more advanced analysis and design tasks.A manual of problem solutions is available to instructors from the publisher Several typographical devices have been incorporated to serve as aids for stu-dents. Specifically, Technical terms are printed in boldface type when they first appear Important concepts and theorems that do not involve equations are printedinside boxes.

Asterisks (*) after problem numbers indicate that answers are provided at theback of the book.

The symbol identifies the more challenging problems.

Tables at the back of the book include transform pairs, mathematical relations,and probability functions for convenient reference. An annotated bibliography is also provided at the back in the form of a supplementary reading list.

Communication system engineers use many abbreviations, so the index lists common abbreviations and their meanings. Thus, the index additionally serves as a guide to many abbreviations in communications.



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS



We are indebted to the many people who contributed to prevlous editions. We also want to thank Profs. John Chaisson, Mostofa Howlader, Chaouki Abdallah. and Mssrs. Joao Pinto and Steven Daniel for their assistance and the use of their libredes;the University of Tennessee Electrical and Computer Engineering departmnt for support; Mssrs. Keith McKenzie, James Snively, Neil Troy, and Justin Acuff for their assistance in the manuscript preparation; the staff at McGraw-Hill, especially Michelle Flomenhoft and Mary Lee Harms, for assistance in the preparation of this

edition; and the reviewers who helped shape the final manuscript. In particular we

want to thank:

Anshna Arora, Florida A&M University/The Florida State University

Tangul Basar, University of Illinois

Rajarathnam Chandramouli, Stevens Institute of Technology

John F. Dohefty, Penn State University

Don R. Halverson, Texas A&M University

Ivan Howitt, University of Wsconsin-Milwaukee

Jacob Kiapper, New Jersey Institute of Technology

Haniph Latchman, University of Florida

Harry Leib, McGill University

Mort Naraghi-Pour, Louisiana State University

Raghunathan Rajagopalan, University of Arizona

Rodney Roberts, Florida A&M University/The Florida State University

John Rulnick, Rulnick Engineering

Melvin Sandler, Cooper Union

Marvin Siegel, Michigan State University

Michael H. Thursby, Florida Institute of Technolgy

Special thanks for support, encouragement, and sense of humor go to our spouses and families.

A. Bruce Carlson

Paul B. Crilly

Janet C Rutledge